Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and remains a significant public health concern, even though it is one of the most preventable cancers. In India, a large number of women are still diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of awareness, delayed screening, and limited access to preventive healthcare services. With the right information, timely screening, and vaccination, cervical cancer can be effectively prevented and treated.
The primary cause of cervical cancer is infection with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), especially high-risk types HPV 16 and 18, which are responsible for the majority of cases. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus. Other factors that increase the risk include smoking and a weakened immune system.
In the early stages, cervical cancer often shows no noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screening is essential. When symptoms do appear, they may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, bleeding after sexual intercourse, or persistent white vaginal discharge. In advanced stages, symptoms may worsen and include low back pain, blood in urine, bleeding per rectum, and kidney-related complications. Recognizing these warning signs early and consulting a specialist can make a life-saving difference.
One of the key reasons cervical cancer is preventable is its slow progression. After HPV infection, it usually takes 10 to 15 years for normal cervical cells to develop into precancerous changes and eventually into invasive cancer. This long period provides an excellent opportunity for early detection through regular screening.
The recommended screening methods include the Pap smear test and HPV DNA testing. Women should start screening at the age of 25 years and continue until 65 years. Pap smear and HPV DNA co-testing should be done once every five years, while Pap smear alone should be repeated every three years. Even women who have received the HPV vaccine should continue regular screening.
HPV vaccination is a powerful preventive tool. It is recommended for both girls and boys between 9 and 26 years of age. Children aged 9–14 years require two doses, while those aged 15–26 years need three doses. For individuals aged 26–45 years, vaccination decisions should be made after consultation with a healthcare professional.
When detected early, cervical cancer is completely curable. Stage 1 disease is usually treated with surgery, while advanced stages require radiation therapy along with chemotherapy.
Every January is observed as Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, reinforcing the importance of prevention and early diagnosis. Specialists at Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital emphasize that regular screening, timely HPV vaccination, and awareness can significantly reduce the burden of cervical cancer. With advanced diagnostic facilities, expert oncologists, and a patient-centred approach, the hospital is committed to providing comprehensive care for women at every stage.
Prevention is better than a cure. Get vaccinated, undergo regular screening, and stay informed. Early detection saves lives.
FAQs:
1. What causes cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer is mainly caused by infection with high-risk types of HPV, especially HPV 16 and 18.
2. At what age should cervical cancer screening begin?
Screening should begin at 25 years of age and continue until 65 years of age.
3. Do vaccinated women still need screening?
Yes. Even vaccinated women should continue to have regular Pap smears and HPV testing.
4. Is cervical cancer curable?
Yes. When detected early, cervical cancer is completely curable with proper treatment.
5. Where can I get screened or vaccinated?
Screening and HPV vaccination services are available at Malla Reddy Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, under expert medical guidance.